Friday, June 17, 2011

Assignment: Punishment Research




I do not really think that any type of punishment out there effectively deters a person

from commiting crime. We have several ways that we try and prevent crime, but in this day in

age, I cannot tell that they are working. I see more and more crimes being committed, and people

being sent off to prisons with the thought that it may help them. Every crime is different, and

every criminal has their own motive as to why they are committing the crime. Should there be

one punishment per crime, or is there a way to handle the crime committed on an individual

basis? I think that deciding the punishment is the most important way to ensure that the person

does not commit the crime again. In the United States there are currently four different types of

punishment; retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection. This paper is going to

discuss the four different types of punishment, and how they are related in today’s society. I am

also going to discuss which ones are more effective in deterring a crime, and which one is the

least effective.

Retribution is the oldest justification for punishment. It is society’s way of punishing

those who commit a moral wrong. In principle, a person’s punishment should be as equally

deviant as the crime committed. Like the saying goes “An eye for an eye,” and this form of

retribution has been commonly used as punishment since the Bible times. The death penalty is

the most common form of retribution when used to punish a murderer, and is the most severe

form of punishment. But there are a few states in the United States that find the death penalty to

be too harsh of a punishment and they will not allow it. Currently, there are 12 states that do not

allow the death penalty. Some people feel that the death penalty is too harsh of a punishment,

and they would rather allow these hard core criminals to live out the rest of their days in a prison

cell. Retribution is not an effective way to deter crime. It is more of a benefit to the victim or

their family.

The next form of punishment that we are going to discuss is deterrence. Deterrence is

The attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment.”  (Macionis, 2006)

The use of deterrence is to give the public knowledge of what the specific punishment is for each

crime committed. It is not effective if the person does not think about the consequences of what

they are doing when they are committing the crime. To me this form of punishment is the least

effective. People are out there right now committing crimes. They know the consequences if they

get caught, yet they are still out there committing the crimes. Since most crimes are committed

so impulsively, and with little thought to the future, the criminal thinks that they will only be

punished if caught, and they believe they will not be caught.

The third form of punishment used in the United States is rehabilitation. “[Rehabilitation

as it is commonly understood in the offending arena contains some components that meet the

criteria for punishment, in the ethical sense of that term. It is also true that there are aspects of

rehabilitation that are focused directly on assisting offenders to live better lives (higher levels of

well-being) and therefore which do not meet the criteria for punishment.]” (Ward. T, 2011)

Rehabilitation can motivate the offender to conform, also like the punishment; deterrence. 

Retribution and deterrence are both constructed to make the offender pay, where rehabilitation is

constructed to give personal treatment to each offender. In rehabilitation, two similar crimes

could be committed, and treated in different ways.

The last form of punishment is social protection. Social protection is; “rendering an

offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by

execution.” (Macionis, J. J. 2006). Social protection is like deterrence and is intended to protect

society from crime. With the number of drug related arrests being made in the United States, the

prison population has tripled since the 1980’s. “Different offenders have different happiness

baselines, which leads to disparities in the degree of suffering among offenders sentenced to the

same punishment as measured by comparing their pre-punishment baselines to their hedonic

states during punishment.” (Grey, D. 2010). The answer as to whether this type of punishment

really works or not lies in the prison system. Because The Department of Corrections devotes so

much money into security concerns and the maintenance of the prisons, that they are unable to

offer any type of rehabilitation to the prisoners. Prisons are becoming so overcrowded that it is

impossible to try and spend the money to rehabilitate each one individually.

I think the consequences of punishment do provide benefits for criminals and society.

Some people do change, but they really have to want it, and change cannot be “pushed” on them.

Some people just do not want to change, and that’s that. I can speak from experience and say that

I thought prison would be a lot different, but to me, it was like a 15 month permanent housing

situation. It wasn’t anything like I had seen on television. Now, I think “Why did I spend all that

time on probation when I could have spent less time in jail?” Since I got out, I have changed my

perspectives on life to become a productive member of society, but most of the girls I kept in

touch with from my prison days have either returned to prison, or are now dead (unnatural

causes). A benefit that I did receive when I was custody of the state was my G.E.D, and that I am

very thankful for, but there were no other programs to help an addict understand their actions. It

was like a school on how to become better at what you did, because you think about all the

wrong things you done, and what you should have done instead. It wasn’t the prison system that

changed me into who I am today; it is the people I chose to have in my life, the places I choose

to hang out at, and the choice to choose right from wrong.

Society may have a few benefits from a criminal being punished, but they spend a lot of

money in the process. America has more of its population in prison, then any other country. I

feel that if all 50 states were to crack down, and use the death penalty, we would be doing better

off. Show that the death penalty is there for a simple purpose. Quite housing the three time repeat

offenders rehabilitate the ones that we can, and kill the rest. It may seem harsh, but if you look at

Amsterdam’s crime rate; they legalized “drugs” and their crime rate reduced to mere petty

crimes. Instead, we spend millions of dollars to keep these offenders in prison for life sentences.

I believe that if they are going to die in prison, you might as well get it out of the way. Maybe we

could reduce the amount of sex offenders and child molesters by giving them an automatic death

sentence for these crimes being committed three times? I could be too extreme, but I can see that

the number of crimes committed is not going down. I believe that there are people out there that

will commit a crime no matter what the punishment, and these are the people that we should

make examples out of. If we can change our society for the better now, we would be helping the

next generation to see that people pay for the crimes they commit.

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